Delirium is a condition of acute cerebral dysfunction and maybe seen in the early postoperative period or in the ICU patient. It occurs frequently in elderly patients and the diagnosis is missed as hypoactivity occurs in the majority of patients, but in some patients, it is hyperactivity and needs immediate intervention. It is predictive of cognitive decline, longer time in the hospital, and increased mortality. Recent studies have demonstrated a signature of dementia on EEG that may open doors to early diagnosis, etiology, treatment and prevention. The PSMF has taken this on as its latest challenge to save lives.